Vitamins
Caution -Vitamin Toxicity. More than 60,000 instances of vitamin toxicity are reported annually to US poison control centers.
USP – A sign of synthesized vitamins. Most vitamins can be purchased as natural food vitamins.
Vitamins should always be consumed with at least a small amount of foods which contain the same vitamin. This way any natural covitamins, enzymes or poteins needed to process the vitamin will be available.
A (β-carotene) is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds, that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids, among which beta-carotene is the most important. Vitamin A has multiple functions: it is important for growth and development, for the maintenance of the immune system and good vision. Vitamin A is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of retinal. Vitamin A also functions as retinoic acid which is an important hormone-like growth factor for epithelial and other cells. Recommended Daily Allowance is from 600 to 900 micrograms/day (Maximum is 1700 to 3000 micrograms/day). Vitamin A toxicity is very serious and as it is fat soluble it may be stored in the human body. The number of toxicity effects is too long to list here. Consult with physician before taking Vitamin A supplements. Anxiety is a side effect of Vitamin A deficiency and as such Vitamin A will bring the anxiety under control but it is recommended that this be done by dietary changes rather than by supplements due to the risk of toxicity. Vitamin A allergy is rare.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21521362
Not anxiolytic.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24777547
RA not anxiolytic.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17727954
Causes anxiety
B complex is a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. Though these vitamins share similar names, research shows that they are chemically distinct vitamins that often coexist in the same foods. In general, supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. General side effects, (usually transient) may include restlessness, nausea and insomnia. Vitamin B allergies are rare and are usually associated with Vitamin B 3, 6 and 12. Some allergic reactions can be severe. See individual B vitamin. The raw form of B vitamins are difficult to absorb. The methylated or phosphated forms (sometimes refered to as coenzyme form)is more readily absorbed. Since the B vitamins are so essential in our handling of stress many psychiatrists begin new patients off with a vitamin B blood assessment. There is little evidence that B viamins are effective against anxiety but only helps protect against the effect of further stress.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23738221
Used Max Stress B, effective, 30 days to start
Caution – Max Stress B contains many more active ingredients than just B Vitamins.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21905094
B complex not effective
B1 (thiamine) is the most active form is thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), a coenzyme in the breakdown of sugars and amino acids. Synthetically thiamin is usually marketed as thiamin hydrochloride or thiamin mononitrate and is a made from Grewe diamine (a coal tar derivative) processed with ammonia and other chemicals.
Thiamine is used in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Humans must obtain it from their diet. Thiamine deficiency has a potentially fatal outcome if it remains untreated. The RDA is set at about 1.0 mg. There are no reports available of adverse effects from consumption of excess thiamine by ingestion of food and supplements. Vitamin B1 toxicity is very rare but high doses can lower other vitamins.
No research found to indicate Thiamine is anxiolytic.
B2 (riboflavin) has reactions including activation of other vitamins. There is no evidence for riboflavin toxicity produced by excessive intakes, as its low solubility keeps it from being absorbed in dangerous amounts within the digestive tract. Allergic reactions are rare.
No research found to indicate riboflavin is anxiolytic.
B3 (niacin) is changed to NAD and NADP which are used in important in catabolism of fat, carbohydrate, protein, and alcohol, as well as cell signaling and DNA repair, and NADP mostly in anabolism reactions such as fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. Niacin is involved in both DNA repair and the production of steroid hormones in the adrenal gland. Due to high energy use in the brain it is the most susceptible organ for niacin deficiency. RDA is 14 to 16 mg/day. Intake should not exceed 35 mg/day. Extended release tablets increase the risk of liver toxicity. The FDA does not recommend the taking of niacin supplements. Niacinamide does not seem to cause gastrointestinal upset or hepatotoxicity that the synthetic time-released niacin can cause.
It comes in 3 forms (nicotinic acid, niacinamide and nicotinamide).
No research found to indicate niacin is anxiolytic.
B5 (pantothenic acid) is a water soluble vitamin that is essential to synthesize and metabolize proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. The RDA is 5mg/day. There is no upper limit for consumption. Extremely high doses have been found to produce panic attacks. Synthetic pantothenic acid is processed with formaldehyde. It exists in 2 other forms; pantotheno and calcium pantothenate.
No research found to indicate pantothenic acid is anxiolytic.
B6 (pyridoxine) is involved in many aspects of macronutrient metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, histamine synthesis, hemoglobin synthesis and function, and gene expression. It is a factor in the biosynthesis of five important neurotransmitters: serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The RDA is 1 – 3 mg/day. Doses of pyridoxine in excess of the RDA over long periods of time result in painful and ultimately irreversible neurological problems. There are 7 forms; Pyridoxine (most common), Pyridoxine 5'-phosphate, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxa 5'-phosphate(PLP), the metabolically active form (sold as 'P-5-P' vitamin supplement) Pyridoxamine (PM), Pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP) and 4-Pyridoxic acid (PA).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10746516
50 mg B6 with Mg
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15554143
Magne-B6 (a magnesium lactate/pyridoxine combination), effective. 14 days to start.
B7 (Biotin) no reported side effects or toxicity.
No research found to indicate biotin is anxiolytic.
B9 (Folic acid, folate) is essential for numerous bodily functions. Humans cannot synthesize folic acid, therefore, folic acid has to be supplied through the diet to meet their daily requirements. Folic acid is not found naturally but folate is. Some recent research has indicated that synthetic folic acid may interfer with the bodies ability to process folate. The human body needs folate to synthesize DNA, repair DNA, and methylate DNA as well as to act as a cofactor in certain biological reactions. It is especially important in aiding rapid cell division and growth, such as in infancy and pregnancy. Children and adults both require folate to produce healthy red blood cells and prevent anemia. Low risk of toxicity. RDA is 400micrograms/day and not to exceed 1000.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22528830
B12 (methylcobalamin) (do not use cyanocobalamin, contains cyanide molecule.) oral use may lead to several allergic reactions such as hives; difficult breathing; swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat. Less-serious side effects may include headache, nausea, stomach upset, diarrhea, joint pain, itching, or rash. Cyanocobalamin is synthetically manufactured but the body can convert it to all forms of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is essential to growth, cell reproduction, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12796225
Not anxiolytic.
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid ) is a cofactor in at least eight enzyme reactions, including several collagen synthesis reactions that, when dysfunctional, cause the most severe symptoms of scurvy. In animals, these reactions are especially important in wound-healing and in preventing bleeding from capillaries. Vitamin C may also act as an antioxidant against oxidative stress. The functions of Vitamin C include the synthesis of collagen, carnitine, and neurotransmitters (norepinephrine from dopamine); the synthesis and catabolism of tyrosine; and the metabolism of microsome. RDA is 75 to 90 mg/day with no more than 2000 mg/day maximum. The signs and symptoms of overdose is nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flushing of the face, headache, fatigue and disturbed sleep. Vitamin C's anxiolytic properties is beleived to primarily be from its ability to repair oxidative effects from stress.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24511708
Effective at 1000 mg/day
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2885294/
Effective
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24979594
Effective
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21036190
Effective and lowers cortisol levels.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2649700/
Ascorbate is proposed as a neuromodulator of glutamatergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic and GABAergic transmission and related behaviors.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3964749/
A paper explaining the relationship between oxidative stress and anxiety.
Vitamin D - Cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol
No Research shows Vitamin D, in any form, anxiolytic.
Vitamin E refers to a group of compounds that include both tocopherols and tocotrienols. Regular consumption of more than 1,000 mg (1,500 IU) of tocopherols per day may be expected to cause hypervitaminosis E with an associated risk of vitamin K deficiency and consequently of bleeding problems. Vitamin E has many biological functions, the antioxidant function being the most important and best known. Other functions include enzymatic activities, gene expression, and neurological function(s). RDA is 15 mg/day.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24511708
Not effective
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21036190
Effective
Resources
Major sources of information includes NCBI, webmd, emedicine and drugs.com.
