Sorry, for some reason it did not copy and paste well. I hope you can understand it. I am going to look for more info.
From:
http://www.drugs.com/pro/cymbalta.html
Duloxetine hydrochloride is a white to slightly brownish white solid, which is slightly soluble in water."
Note - From the structure we can see that the compound is primarily non-polar and therefore should be fat soluble.
From:
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00476
Water Solubility = 0.00296 mg/mL (Vertually insoluble)
Note - If it is not water suluble (polar (has a negative or positive charge)) then it is non-polar (not charged) and would be lipid soluble.
From:
http://www.selleckch...l-cymbalta.html
Chemical Information
Solubility (25°C) * In vitro DMSO 67 mg/mL (200.67 mM)
Water <1 mg/mL (<1 mM)
Ethanol <1 mg/mL (<1 mM)
Note - Dissolves well in DMSO a relatively nonpolar solvent.
From:
http://toxwiki.wikis....com/Duloxetine
Soluble in dimethylformamide (nonpolar) and water.
From:
https://www.ncbi.nlm...les/PMC3299448/
Table I
Amount of Solid Lipid (fat) Required to Solubilize 20 mg of DLX and Percent Partitioning of DLX in Lipid vs Water
Solid lipid Amount (mg) % Partitioning
Glyceryl monostearates 400 92
Glyceryl behenate 700 33
Glyceryl palmitostearate 650 60
Geleol 450 60
Gelucire 44/14 800 –
From 33% to 92% lipid (fat) soluble.
Ta
https://oup.silverch...BIA4LVPAVW3QbleII. Postmortem Tissue
Distribution of Duloxetine
Table http://www.ema.europ...776.pdfstmortemTissue
Duloxetine was
highly bound to proteins in plasma, the mean percent bound to human plasma proteins at a duloxetine
concentration of 150.2 ng/mL being 95.9%
Duloxetine was present in high concentrations in the stomach and intestinal contents at 3 to 12 hours
postdose. Kidney, liver, and lung contained the highest tissue concentrations. Overall, the liver was determined to be the primary organ responsible for the metabolism of duloxetine
Distribution of Duloxetine
Table II. Postmortem Tissue Distribution of Duloxetine
Duloxetine Concentration
Central Femoral
Case Blood Blood Vitreous Liver Gastric Bile Urine
No. (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/kg) (rag Total) (mg/L) (mg/L)
1 ND* ND . . . . 0.42
2 +< 0.05 ND ND - - -
3 0.28 - - 5.7 86 1.3
4 0.30 0.19 0.11 2.2 0.67 0.47
5 0.46 - - 22 0.09
6 0.25 0.08 . . . .
7 0.22 - 0.06 1.3 0.08 1.3 0.17
8 0.59 0.26 0.23 - - 3.1 -
9 0.17 0.10 - 1.2 0.39 1.1 0.07
10 0.08 0.05 - 0.28 - 0.57
11 0.22 0.09 - 3.3 0.20 2.0 0.11
12 0.23 0.20 0.09 4.4 - 0.69 0.08
In the elimination specimens, bile was the main excretion
product and averaged 1.4 mg/L (0.57-3.1 mglL, n = 7), whereas
the urine averaged 0.22 mg/L (0.07-0.47 rag/L, n = 6). These
relative levels were expected as duloxetine is extensively metabolized,
and only a trace amount of unchanged drug is excreted
in the urine (4,5).
An evaluation of the dosing records along with the remaining
duloxetine capsules that were collected as medical evidence in
6 of the 12 cases (1-4, 7, and 11) indicate that these individuals
were in compliance with their duloxetine prescriptions. This
suggests to the authors that the measured blood levels appear
to represent postmortem therapeutic values.
Conclusions
Duloxetine is a relatively new drug prescribed for pain management
and depression that has recently been encountered
in our casework. With duloxetine's poor response on the
GC-NPD, detection of the drug must be performed by alternate
means. In a period of a year and a half, duloxetine was detected
in 12 cases by GC-MS. Based on the toxicology and autopsy
findings in these postmortem cases, duloxetine was not implicated
as the sole cause of death. Duloxefine has a high volume of
distribution and, as expected, exhibits postmortem redistribution.
The tissue distribution of duloxetine in postmortem samples
has been provided to aid the forensic toxicologist in the interpretation
of their casework. These are the first postmortem duloxetine
cases to be reported in the literature, and it is the
authors' belief that more data need to be evaluated in order to
establish clear postmortem therapeutic levels
Duloxetine Concentration
Central Femoral
Case Blood Blood Vitreous Liver Gastric Bile Urine
No. (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/kg) (rag Total) (mg/L) (mg/L)
1 ND* ND . . . . 0.42
2 +< 0.05 ND ND - - -
3 0.28 - - 5.7 86 1.3
4 0.30 0.19 0.11 2.2 0.67 0.47
5 0.46 - - 22 0.09
6 0.25 0.08 . . . .
7 0.22 - 0.06 1.3 0.08 1.3 0.17
8 0.59 0.26 0.23 - - 3.1 -
9 0.17 0.10 - 1.2 0.39 1.1 0.07
10 0.08 0.05 - 0.28 - 0.57
11 0.22 0.09 - 3.3 0.20 2.0 0.11
12 0.23 0.20 0.09 4.4 - 0.69 0.08
In the elimination specimens, bile was the main excretion
product and averaged 1.4 mg/L (0.57-3.1 mglL, n = 7), whereas
the urine averaged 0.22 mg/L (0.07-0.47 rag/L, n = 6). These
relative levels were expected as duloxetine is extensively metabolized,
and only a trace amount of unchanged drug is excreted
in the urine (4,5).
An evaluation of the dosing records along with the remaining
duloxetine capsules that were collected as medical evidence in
6 of the 12 cases (1-4, 7, and 11) indicate that these individuals
were in compliance with their duloxetine prescriptions. This
suggests to the authors that the measured blood levels appear
to represent postmortem therapeutic values.
Conclusions
Duloxetine is a relatively new drug prescribed for pain management
and depression that has recently been encountered
in our casework. With duloxetine's poor response on the
GC-NPD, detection of the drug must be performed by alternate
means. In a period of a year and a half, duloxetine was detected
in 12 cases by GC-MS. Based on the toxicology and autopsy
findings in these postmortem cases, duloxetine was not implicated
as the sole cause of death. Duloxefine has a high volume of
distribution and, as expected, exhibits postmortem redistribution.
The tissue distribution of duloxetine in postmortem samples
has been provided to aid the forensic toxicologist in the interpretation
of their casework. These are the first postmortem duloxetine
cases to be reported in the literature, and it is the
authors' belief that more data need to be evaluated in order to
establish clear postmortem therapeutic levels
Duloxetine Concentration
Central Femoral
Case Blood Blood Vitreous Liver Gastric Bile Urine
No. (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/kg) (rag Total) (mg/L) (mg/L)
1 ND* ND . . . . 0.42
2 +< 0.05 ND ND - - -
3 0.28 - - 5.7 86 1.3
4 0.30 0.19 0.11 2.2 0.67 0.47
5 0.46 - - 22 0.09
6 0.25 0.08 . . . .
7 0.22 - 0.06 1.3 0.08 1.3 0.17
8 0.59 0.26 0.23 - - 3.1 -
9 0.17 0.10 - 1.2 0.39 1.1 0.07
10 0.08 0.05 - 0.28 - 0.57
11 0.22 0.09 - 3.3 0.20 2.0 0.11
12 0.23 0.20 0.09 4.4 - 0.69 0.08
In the elimination specimens, bile was the main excretion
product and averaged 1.4 mg/L (0.57-3.1 mglL, n = 7), whereas
the urine averaged 0.22 mg/L (0.07-0.47 rag/L, n = 6). These
relative levels were expected as duloxetine is extensively metabolized,
and only a trace amount of unchanged drug is excreted
in the urine (4,5).
An evaluation of the dosing records along with the remaining
duloxetine capsules that were collected as medical evidence in
6 of the 12 cases (1-4, 7, and 11) indicate that these individuals
were in compliance with their duloxetine prescriptions. This
suggests to the authors that the measured blood levels appear
to represent postmortem therapeutic values.
Conclusions
Duloxetine is a relatively new drug prescribed for pain management
and depression that has recently been encountered
in our casework. With duloxetine's poor response on the
GC-NPD, detection of the drug must be performed by alternate
means. In a period of a year and a half, duloxetine was detected
in 12 cases by GC-MS. Based on the toxicology and autopsy
findings in these postmortem cases, duloxetine was not implicated
as the sole cause of death. Duloxefine has a high volume of
distribution and, as expected, exhibits postmortem redistribution.
The tissue distribution of duloxetine in postmortem samples
has been provided to aid the forensic toxicologist in the interpretation
of their casework. These are the first postmortem duloxetine
cases to be reported in the literature, and it is the
authors' belief that more data need to be evaluated in order to
establish clear postmortem therapeutic levels.
http://www.ema.europ...776.pdfstmortemTissue
Duloxetine was
highly bound to proteins in plasma, the mean percent bound to human plasma proteins at a duloxetine
concentration of 150.2 ng/mL being 95.9%
Duloxetine was present in high concentrations in the stomach and intestinal contents at 3 to 12 hours
postdose. Kidney, liver, and lung contained the highest tissue concentrations. Overall, the liver was determined to be the primary organ
responsible for the metabolism of duloxetine.
